Movies Affect People

Movies are popular because people are great watchers. They like to watch other peoples' lives. They like to live vicariously. By going to movies, we can escape our own lives, share other people's emotions, and imagine ourselves as someone else.

Many of our lives are not as adventurous or glamorous as the lives in movies. We do not battle evil all day long and then go back to our luxurious penthouse apartment. We just go to school, do our homework, eat, talk to our friends, and sleep. We need a little excitement in our lives and we find excitement at the movies.

Humans are very emotional people. We all like to cry and laugh. Fortunately, there is not much to cry about in my life so I like to go to sad movies where my heartstrings can be tugged. I also like to go to comedies so that I can laugh. I tend to cry and laugh more in a dark movie theater than I do in broad daylight.

Even though my life is quiet, I can go to the movies and watch someone else's life. I can share their emotions and their everyday life. I wonder if they would like to share mine.

Computers

When Charles Babbage, a professor of Mathematics at Cambridge university, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he couldn't even imagine the consequences of this discovery. Nearly everything we do in the world is assisted or even controlled by computers, the complicated descendants of his simple machine. Computers are used more and more often in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memory and they can store much information. No man alive can do 500000 sums in one second, but a computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and even play chess, write poetry or compose music. Just as television has extended human sight across the barriers of time and distance, so the computers extend the power of the human mind across the existing barriers.

Computers in medicine

Computers are one of great importance in modern hospital. The chief use of computers is the storing and sorting the medical knowledge which has been acquired in the last 50 years. No doctor can possible keep up with all discoveries. The only solution of the problem is store medical knowledge in a computer. Today there are medical computer centers were all existing knowledge of symptoms of various diseases and of their treatment is stored. Doctors feed data on symptoms in the computer and get the necessary information on correct diagnostics and treatment.

Computers that can be taught

Ordinary computer can use only the data stored in the hard disk. Now scientists have designed machines, that are capable of learning from their experience and remembering what they have learned. Such a machine is capable of recognizing objects without human help or control. But of course, they can make many mistakes.

Computers at the school

Information science with the ideas and message of processing and storing information is of great importance today. That's why computer technology must be taught in secondary school. The new subject “basic information science”, and “computing machines” was introduced for the senior pupils at schools. Contact with the machine increases the interest in learning, makes them more serious about studying new subject. School computers are used not only to study information science, but also for examination purposes. Young people who finish the school must be trained to operate computers.

Is It Science that Does Us Good or Does it Bring Disaster?

It's difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people. Let's compare our life nowadays with the life of people at the beginning of the 20th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn't the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our every day life. I mean refrigerators, TV sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones, what not. They would seem miracles to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant. On the other hand, the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, I mean radio, airplanes, combustion and jet engines have become usual things and we can't imagine our life without them. A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid. Millions of investigations the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world. All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life. But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a scientist. But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

Great Inventions

Science is important to most people living in the modern world for a number of reasons. In particular, science is important for world peace and understanding, for understanding of technology, and for our understanding of the world.

Science is important for world peace in many ways. On the one hand, scientists have helped to develop many of the modern tools of war. On the other hand, they have also helped to keep the peace through research, which has improved life for people. Scientists have helped us understand the problem of supplying the world with enough energy; using energy of the sun and of the atom. Scientists have also analysed the world's resources. Scientists study the Universe and how to use its possibilities for the benefit of men.

Scientists are also important for everyone who is affected by modern technology. Many of the things that make our lives easier and better are results of advances in technology. In some cases, such as technology of producing salt from ocean water, technology may be essential for our lives on Earth.

Scientists are learning to predict earthquakes, to study many other natural events such as storms. Scientists are also studying various aspects of human biology and the origin and development of the human race. The study of the natural world may help improve life for many people all over the world.

Basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people to find their way in the changing world.

Television (1920s)

The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.

Motor Car (late 19th Century)

With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel.

Electricity

The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.

Photography (early 19th Century)

Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.

Telephone (1876)

Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.

Computer (20th Century)

The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.

Aeroplane

The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.

Isaac Newton — the Great English Scientist

Isaac Newton was a great English scientist. He was born in 1642 in a little village in Lincolnshire: Newton’s father was a farmer and died before his son’s birth. When Newton was 15, his uncle removed him from school because he wanted to make a farmer of him. But a young Isaac was a bad farmer and his uncle sent him to the University of Cambridge. After graduation from the University he became a professor of Mathematics and lectured at Cambridge for more than 30 years.

In 1665 the great plague broke in England and Cambridge was closed — Newton had to return home for eighteen months. It was the most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries— those of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light and of the law of gravitation. He advanced an idea that light consisted of small particles — corpuscles (today the scientists call them photons). Later on he, however, came to the conclusion that light had a dual nature, namely, it was a combination of the corpuscles and the ethereal waves. Newton was also interested in the problem of what was the cause of the motion of the planets. He came to the conclusion that the force that kept the planets in the orbits round the Sun was the same force that caused objects to fall onto the ground, namely, the force of gravity. A popular legend says that he made this discovery while observing the fall of an apple from a tree in his garden. But only in 1684 Newton published his famous book the “Principia” in which he explained the movement of the planets and laid down the law of universal gravitation. This book made a great contribution to Physics and Mathematics: the publication of the “Principia” was compared to a sunrise, but Newton himself was always modest.

Newton was not only theorist but a great inventor, too: he invented a mirror telescope. The demonstration of the mirror telescope made a great impression on the contemporaries and in 1672 Newton was elected a member of the Royal Scientific Society. In 1695 Newton was appointed an inspector at the Royal Mint; there he was in charge of coining new English money. In 1703 Newton was elected a President of the Royal Scientific Society. For the last time he attended its meeting in February, 1727. On March 20, the same year he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a monument to Newton in Trinity College at Cambridge with the inscription: “Newton Who Surpassed All Men of Science”.

9 кл. Білет№77 Travelling

Travelling

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.Why do people travel? They travel because they want to see the world, find something different, meet new people, learn more about other countries.Some of them want to earn money, to practice foreign lenguages.Travelling broadens the mind. 

Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreign countries and differentplaces of interest within their own country.

As for me, I prefer travelling by car. I think it's very convenient. You needn't reserve tour tickets. You needn't carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish, and spend at any place as much time as you like.

Every year my friend and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday-makers all over the world. There are many rest-homes, sanatoriums and tourist camps there. But it is also possible to rent a room or a furnished house for a couple of weeks there. Sometimes, we can place ourselves in a tent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long.

As a rule, I make new friends there. In the day-time we play volleyball, tennis, swim in the warm water of the sea and sunbathe In the evening I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. I'm fond of mountaineering. So I do a lot of climbing together with my friends. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of impressions.

9кл. Білет№52 My favourite subject at school

My name is ..... and I'm a pupil of the 19th form. I study at school number1.

At school we learn many subjects: among them there are Ukrainian, English, History, Physics, Math, Biology,  Literature, Chemistry and many others. It is quite difficult to study at modern school.   I know that all the subjects are important and necessary, I  don't like exact sciences, especially Physics. I usually spend more time on doing these subjects at home. Though I devote a lot of time to sciences it's almost impossible for me to remember all these formulas and definitions; they all are mixed up in my head. That's why I have to sit for hours swotting up Physics, Chemistry and Math.

 My favourite subjects at school are languages (especially foreign languages) and History. But English has always been my beloved subject. I read English books in the original, try to translate some stories from newspapers from English into Russian and vice versa when I have some spare time, I learn 10 new words every day and I like to translate songs of some English and American singers. I have several English handbooks that help me a lot in studying of English grammar, it seems to me that nothing can be more difficult than grammar. I do some exercises twice a week in order to practice my knowledge in grammar. At school when we have English lessons we usually read a certain amount of dull texts from our textbooks. But I think that it's not the best way of learning a language. The best way to improve your language skills is to go to a country where native speakers of this language live. Now I don't have such an opportunity, but I spend plenty of time home listening to the tapes, imitating the sounds and intonations of the native English speakers. I'm working hard at my pronunciation as well. Sometimes I speak English with my friends after classes for fun and at the same time we practice our English.

 In future I want to become a translator or an interpreter. I'm sure that today it's almost impossible to do without foreign languages because of expanding economic and cultural relations, globalization and other processes that take place in modern world. Besides, I think that one can't be a learned and well-educated person if he or she doesn't know at least one foreign language. 

9кл. Білет№74 animals in zoos

Should animals be kept in zoos? It is hard to decide for me whether it is good or bad. Keeping animals in zoos does indeed have a lot of advantages. 
Firstly, animals are provided with food and water. They must not worry about it. Zoos may seems like a inhumane way to keep animal... locked up. But the plus side to zoos are they help stop animals from becoming extinct. They are also used for animal research which can help repopulate some species back into the wild.  In zoos, the endangered species are protected. If it weren't for zoos, the great panda-one of the endangered species would be extinct now. Animals have a chance to breed freely. 
In addition people have a chance to see various animals of the world. Also, people get to know a lot about life of animals. 
On the other hand keeping animals in zoos is a disadvantage. Animals live in cages. After living in capivity for a long time, they lose their instinct. The climate, they are forced to live in , does not suit them.
Animals do not have a chance to live in their habitat. The should live between plants. Sometimes, animals have bad conditions of living and they suffer and  lt because the live alone.In conclusion, I think keeping animals in zoos has a lot of advantages and disadvantages. Part of animals live in zoos and they always will. Zoos have become their home. 

9кл. Білет№79 A visit to the doctor

The problem of health always worried people. It has been in the center of attention of the scientists since ancient times. Perhaps, of all unpleasant things people hate diseases most of all. In theory we know well what we should do to be healthy, but in practice there is hardly a man who has no problems with his health. Sometimes people, who are very busy aren't thoughtful enough about their health. I must say, that I seldom fall ill. I go in for sports, try to spend a couple of hours in the open air every day and do all that kinds of things in order to keep fit. But, unfortunately, I fell ill in winter. It was rather cold outside and I probably caught the infection. When I came home I felt that I had a sore-throat. I made hot tea with honey, but it didn't help. At last I decided to go to the doctor. I went there with my friend, for I felt very bad indeed. When we came, a doctor, a kind-hearted middle-aged woman in a white gown, offered me to sit down and asked me what I complained of. I had a terrible headache and sore throat and it ached me to swallow. Besides, I was constantly sneezing and coughing. It turned out that I was running a high temperature. The doctor examined my throat, sounded my heart and lungs, had my blood pressure tested. She said it was flu and prescribed some pills and mixture - I had to take medicine 3 times a day before meals and to stay in bed for a week until full recovery. The recovery was slow. I slept badly, had no appetite. I suffered from a slight, but irritating cough which as a rule became worse at night. I followed all the doctor's instructions and in a week I was cured. It was a real pleasure to fell strong and healthy again. Really, all is well, that ends well.

9кл. Білет№45 mobile phones

At present mobile phones have become ingrained in our everyday lives and the majority of people can hardly imagine themselves without cell phones. Is it just a tribute to fashion or a necessity of a modern person?

It isn’t a secret that today many people feel quite helpless if they have leaft their mobile phones at home. First of all cell phones give us an opportunity to keep in touch with people in any place and in any time (it’s especially important for businesspeople). Besides, modern mobile phones are multi-function: they provide access to the Internet, have various games, cameras, memory sticks, etc.We are becoming more and more dependant on mobile phones as these small and sleek devices are multi-functional gadgets that help in our day-to-day tasks.

Nevertheless we can’t deny that mobile phones provoke a range of problems. People have started to see each other less frequently. Mobile communication requires quite a lot of money and people have to control the amount of money on their accounts constantly otherwise at the most inappropriate moment they won’t be able to phone the people they need. But the greatest disadvantage of cell phones is certainly their harmful influence on people’s health.

In my opinion at the present time mobile phones are an integral part of life of any person and we can’t stop it. I personally need it everyday for my work and to keep in touch with my friends and relatives, though I’m aware of its deleterious influence on my health. But I try to avoid idle talks on the phone to reduce the influence of harmful radio waves. I try to find the happy mean.

   Life without a mobile phone is like living without eyebrows…you don’t really need it, but it does improve your image if you have it. Actually, I find that other features are harder to live without. But not having a mobile phone today gets you thrown back into the “cave person” category. People nowadays don’t even ask if you have a mobile phone ,they just get down to asking your number and give you this strange look of disgust coupled with astonishment if you tell them you don’t have one. I guess it’s good to have a mobile phone in a way that we become more sociable and we have things, which can be done at the touch of a button, but have we spared a thought of what would happen to the world if all the mobile networks were down for one whole hour???